PLATE IV. Romano-British specimens, found at Brough. 1 to 8 iron objects, 9 bronze armilla, 10 to 12 grey ware.
PLATE IV. (A).
Iron Objects.
Fig. 1. Knife (perhaps a butcher’s) with socket for haft 4½ ins. x 2 ins. (see Pitt-Rivers I. plate xxii., There is also one in the British Museum with haft.)
Fig. 2. An interesting implement not hitherto found in Britain. It is a combination of hoe and two-tined pick. In the centre is a bole for the shaft. A similar tool (zappa con due denti) is still in use in Italy. I bought one a few weeks, ago at Perugia.
Fig. 3 & 4. Knives with tangs. Total length 43/8 ins., width of blade, 1 in, (see Pitt-Rivers III. p. 268.)
Fig. 5. Bucket handle (see Pitt-Rivers I. plate viii.)
Fig. 6. Probably “Ear” of Bucket. There are three holes for the rivets.
Fig. 7. Drill or brace-bit. Length 57/10 ins. Rectangular in section. This in form is almost identical with the brace-bit now in ordinary use. Pitt-Rivers II. plate civ.
Fig. 1 gives a similar specimen of about the same dimensions.
Fig. 8. Stylus or pen for use with wax tablets. The upper end is flattened to form an eraser.
PLATE IV. (B).
Specimens of grey ware in the form of human faces. These are of great rarity (see Uriconium p. 255.)
Fig 10. The forehead is marked with a trident.
It is not possible within the limits of this paper to deal with other classes of finds, viz: personal ornaments in bone, metals, and enamel, tiles, glass, human and other bones, and coins.
The tentative excavations so far carried out have been very limited in extent. I hope, however, that in the course of the next few years it may be possible to proceed with the work in a more thorough and scientific manner, and that enough information may be gained to justify a further paper.
LIST OF POTTERS’ MARKS ON SAMIAN WARE FOUND AT CROCOLANA.
ATTIANVS.
CASVRI M. By the hand of Casurus. There is a CASVRIVS F. in Roach.Smith’s “Roman London” p. 103.
GEN....
G•E•N•I•T•O•R• F. Genitor made it. Found also in London. See Roach-Smith p. 104.
IVSTI MA. By the hand of Justus. Found also in London. See Roach-Smith p. 104.
MASVET (I). See “The Celt, The Roman, and the Saxon.” p. 471.
MAIORIS. Found also in London. See Roach-Smith p. 104.
QVINTI M. By the hand of Quintus. See “The Celt, The
Roman, and the Saxon,” p. 473.
REGIN F. Reginus made it. See Roach-Smith’s “Roman London,” p. 106.
SAMILLI M. By the hand of Samillus. Perhaps the SANVILLI M. given in “Roman London,” p. 106.
SCOPLI M. By the hand of Scoplus. Found also at Wood-cuts, Dorset.
SEVERIANI C. From the Workshop—officina—of Severianus. Probably intended for SEVERIANI O. as conjectured by Gen. Pitt-Rivers I. p. 124.
VICTOR.... Perhaps VICTORINVS. The R was evidently in the centre of the bowl. See “The Celt, The Roman, and the Saxon,” p. 474.
On the rim of a Mortarium,
CICVR F, Cicurinus made it.
The following list of my collection of coins found at Crocolana shews their chronological distribution.
D= Denarius
L B=Large Brass
M B=Middle Brass
S B=Small Brass
M=Minimus
B.C. |
|||
49—45 |
Consular (“Acisculus.” |
D |
1 |
A.D. |
|||
81—96 |
Domitian |
D and M B |
2 |
98—117 |
Trajan |
L B |
1 |
117—138 |
Hadrian |
L B |
1 |
138—161 |
Antoninus Pius |
L B and M B |
5 |
d. 141 |
Faustina senr. |
L B |
2 |
d. 175 |
Faustina junr. |
L B |
2 |
193—211 |
Septimius Severus |
D |
1 |
211—212 |
Geta |
D |
1 |
218—222 |
Blagabalus |
D |
1 |
d. 222 |
Julia Soaemias |
D |
1 |
d. 223 |
Julia Maesa. |
D |
1 |
222—235 |
Severus Alexander |
D and L B |
3 |
d. 235 |
Julia Mamma |
D |
2 |
238—244 |
Gordianus III. |
D |
1 |
253—260 |
Valerianus I. |
D and S B |
1 |
258—263 |
Gallienus |
S B |
2 |
d. 268 |
Salonina |
M B |
1 |
268—270 |
Claudius Gothicus |
S B |
3 |
258—267 |
Postumus |
D |
2 |
265—267 |
Victorinus I. |
S B |
6 |
267 |
Marius |
S B |
1 |
267—273 |
Tetricus I. |
S B |
5 |
267—272 |
Tetricus II. |
S B |
1 |
275—276 |
Tacitus |
D |
1 |
276—282 |
Probus |
D |
1 |
284—305 |
Diocletian |
M B |
1 |
287—293 |
Carausius |
M B and S B |
6 |
293—296 |
Allectus |
S B |
1 |
305—306 |
Constantius Chlorus |
S B |
1 |
292—311 |
Galerius Maximianus |
M B |
1 |
306—337 |
Constantine I. (including “ Urbs Roma” and “Constantinopolis “) |
S B |
34 |
d. 326 |
Fausta |
S B |
1 |
d. 326 |
Crispus |
S B |
2 |
337—340 |
Constantine II. |
S B |
13 |
337—350 |
Constans |
S B |
4 |
337—361 |
Constantius II |
Minim and S B |
6 |
350—353 |
Magnentius |
M B |
1 |
364—375 |
Valentinian I. |
S B |
1 |
364—378 |
Valens |
S B |
4 |
375—383 |
Gratian |
S B |
1 |
Number of Coins deciphered |
137 |
Number of Persons represented |
41 |
All these coins have come to the surface singly. No hoards have been discovered.
The Plates are from photographs kindly taken by Mr. B. W. Enfleld.