TRADES AND OCCUPATIONS.

The following is a List of some of the trades and occupations of persons named in the Records:

Alebruer, alehouse keeper,Brewer, brewster, baker, butcher, blacksmith, badger, booker, barber, burleyman, Cobler, cook, carpenter, codder, clothseller, collyer, clerk [clergyman],cooper, cordyner, currier, chandlor, Draper, drover, digger of stone, dishmaker, dishturner, dyer, Embroiderer, Freemason, farryer, ffowler, ferryman, ffisher, fellmonger, field reeve, Glover, glassman, grocer, Husbandman, haberdasher, hairdresser, herdsman, Ironmonger, inholder,Kidder, keeper of deer, keeper of oxon, keepers of fields, Laborer, locksmyth, linnen draper, Miller, mason, mercer, malster, Navigator on the Trent,Pewterer, poundkeeper, pyper, petty chapman, plumber, pinder, Raggman, Shoemaker, smyth, sherman [shearman], swineheard, sheppard, spinster,* Taylor, tylemaker, tinker, tincker, tynker, tippler, tippulator, Verderer, victualler, vintner, Weaver, woollen draper, woolwinder, waterman, wheelwright, Yeoman.

MAGISTRATES.

The following are the names of Acting Magistrates in the seventeenth century. The dates in brackets are the years in which their names appear in the Records.

Prior to the Civil War.

Sir Henry Pierrepont (1603 to 1615).
Henry Chaworth, Esq. (1603 to 1605).
Gabriel Armestronge, Esq. (1603 to 1606).
Sir William Sutton (1603 to 1611).
Sir John Thorold (1603 to 1609).
Sir John Thornhaigh (1603 to 1626).
Sir George Gilby (1603 to 1607).
John Thornhaigh, Esq., Senior (1603 to 1607).
Humphrey Piper, Esq., (1603 to 1608).
Sir Roger Aiscough (1604 to 1610).
John Harker, Esq. (1604 to 1615).
Robert Markeham, Esq. (1604 to 1606).
William Cooper, Esq. (1604 to 1640).
Sir John Byron (1604 to 1615).
Thomas Symcocks, Esq. (1604 to 1615).
{ Sir John Hollys (1604 to 1610).
{ John Lord Haughton (1618 to 1623).
{ John Earl of Clare (1625 to 1637).
Sir Brian Lassells (1604 to 1609).
Sir George Lassells (1604 to 1642).
Sir William Keymer (1604 to 1606).
Edward North, Esq. (1605 to 1619).
Gervase Markham, Esq. (1607 to 1609).
Fulk Cartwright, Esq. (1607 to 1625).
{ Hardolph Wastnesse, Esq. (1608 to 1622).
{ Sir Hardolph Wastues. Bart, (afterwards spelt Wasteneys (1622 to 1637).
{ Robert Pierreponte, Esq. (1608 to 1627).
{ Robert Earl of Kingston upon Hull (1633 to 1641).
Launcelot Rolleston, Esq. (1608 to 1616).
Sir Gervase Clifton, Bart. (1609 to 1638).
John Wood, Esq. (1609 to 1642).
William Lord Burghley (1609 to 1622).
{ Sir George Chaworth (1609 to 1627).
{ George Viscount Chaworth (1627).
Henry Sacheverell, Esq. (1610 to 1624).
Sir Francis Leake (1610 to 1620).
Robert Millington, Esq. (1610).
Robert Williamson, Esq. (1610 to 1632).
Sir George Parkins (1611 to 1626).
{ Sir Philip Stanhope (1612 to 1616).
{ Philip Lord Stanhope (1616 to 1627).
{ Philip Earl Chesterfield (1629 to 1635).
Sir John Molineux, Bart. (1612 and 1613).
Richard Boles, Esq. (1613 and 1614).
Sir Robert Swift (1615 to 1624).
Sir Robert Anstruther (1617).
Sir Thomas Hutchenson (1617 to 1641).
Robert Sutton, Esq. (1617 to 1641).
Gervase Tevery, Esq. (1617 to 1639).
Timothy Pusey, Esq. (1618 to 1642).
John Digby, Esq. (1818 to 1622).
Willm. Moseley, Esq. (1618 to 1641).
Sir John Byron (1619 to 1624).
William Lord Sanquhar (1621 to 1624).
William Coke, Esq. (1624 to 1638).
Sir ffrancis Thornhagh (1626 to 1637).
Isham. Parkyns, Esq. (1627 to 1642).
Sir Matthew Palmer (1627 to 1642).
Gilbert Millington, Esq. (1629 to 1642).
Sir Francis S. Wortley, Bart. (1629 to 1635).
Thomas Hughes, Esq. (1630 to 1640).
John Chaworth, Esq. (1633 to 1638).
John Nevile, Esq. (1634 to 1642).
Richard Byron, Esq. (1635 to 1642).
Gervase Clifton, Esq. (1635 to 1638).
Gilbert Boone, Sergeant at Law (1637 to 1641).
John Millington, Esq. (1641 and 1642).
Thomas Williamson, Esq. (1641 and 1642).
William Clarkson, Esq. (1641 and 1642).
Sir Roger Cooper (1641 and 1642).
Gervase Pigot, Esq. (1641 and 1642).
ffrancis Thornhaigh (1642).

During the Commonwealth.

John Hutchinson, Esq. (1652).
Edward Cludd, Esq. (1652 to 1659).
Thomas Charlton, Esq. (1652 to 1659).
William Wightman, Esq. (1652 to 1657).
Edward Nevill, Esq. (1652 to 1658).
Alexander Ashmall, Esq. (1652 to 1654).
ffrancis Pierrepont, Esq. (1652 and 1653).
Clement Spclman, Esq. (1652 to 1655).
Henry Sacheverell, Esq. (1652 to 1657).
Robert Reynes, Esq. (1652 and 1653).
William Cartwright, Esq. (1652).
William Landen, Esq. (1653 to 1656).
Samuel Bolles, Esq. (1653 to 1657).
Gilbert Millington, Esq. (1653 to 1658).
Thomas Lindsley, Esq. (1653).
Gabriell Armstrong, Esq. (1653).
Charles White, Esq. (1654 to 1658).
Thomas Sherbrooke, Esq. (1654 to 1658).
Major General Edward Whaley (1655 and 1656).
Joseph Chadwicke, Esq. (1656 to 1658).
Joseph Widmerpoole, Esq. (1658 and 1659).
John Hacker, Esq. (1658 and 1659).

From the Restoration to the end of Seventeenth Century.

Patrick Chaworth, Esq. (1667).
Arthur Stanhope, Esq (1660 to 1681).
Sir Gervase Clifton, Bart. (1660).
William Willoughby, Esq. (1660).
William Stanhope, Esq. (1660 to 1677).
Clifford Clifton, Esq. (1660).
Sir Clifford Clifton (1668 and 1669).
Peniston Whalley, Esq. (1660 to 1687).
Charles White, Esq. (1660).
Robert Lord Lexington (1660 to 1668).
Francis Leeke, Esq. (1660).
Wm. Cartwright, Esq. (1660 to 1688).
Cecil Cooper, Esq., of Thurgarton (1660 to 1674).
{ Henry Viscount Mansfield (1660).
{ Henry Earl Ogle (1669 to 1671).
{ Henry Duke of Newcastle (1682 to 1686).
Henry Sacheverell, Esq. (1660).
Robert Pierrepont, Esq. (1660 to 1679).
William Skeffington, Esq. (1660 to 1676).
Francis Sandys, Esq., of Scrooby (1660 to 1695).
Thomas Charlton, Esq. (1660 to 1687).
John Cooper, Esq. (1667 to 1670).
Sir Ralph Knight, of Langworth (1667 to 1689).
John Millington, Esq., Sergeant at Law (1667 to 1688).
John Rayner, Esq. (1667 to 1670).
{ Robert Harding, Esq. (1668 to 1675).
{ Sir Robert Harding (1675 to 1679).
William Pierrepont, Esq. (1668 to 1678).
Antony Eyre, Esq. (1668 to 1670).
Sir William Hickman, Bart. (1669 to 1677).
Beamond Dixey, Esq. (1671).
Francis Stringer, Esq., of Sutton upon Lound (1671 to 1700)
John Howe, Esq. (1671 to 1675).
Richard Loyd, Esq. (1671).
Robert Thoroton, Esq., M.D. (1674 to 1678).
George Gregory, Esq. (1674 to 1677).
George Neville, Esq. (1674 to 1684).
Robert Hay, Esq. (1675).
Thomas Hodgson, Esq. (1675).
{ Thomas Parkyns, Esq. (1678 to 1681).
{ Sir Thomas Parkyns, Bart. (1684 to 1700).
Francis Jessoppe, Esq. (1679).
Sir Scroope Howe (1679).
William Wymondesold, Esq. (1680 to 1685).
Ralph Edge, Esq. (1681 to 1684).
Arthur Warren, Esq. (1681 to 1688).
Sir Edward Neville, Bart. (1682 and 1683).
Henry Gilbert, Esq. (1682 and 1683).
Edward Lee, Esq. (1684 to 1687).
Sir William Clifton, Bart. (1685).
Laurence Sturtivant, Esq. (1685 to 1687).
William Cartwright, Esq., Junr. (1686).
Thomas Markham, Esq. (168S).
{ Francis Mollineux, Esq. (1688 to 1691).
{ Sir Francis Mollineux, Bart. (1691 to 1700).
Charles Hutchinson, Esq. (1688 to 1694).
John Yarborough, Esq. (1688 to 1699).
Richard Taylor, Esq., of Wallinwells (1688 to 1696).
William Simpson, Esq., of Babworth (1689 to 1700).
John Thornhagh, Esq. (1690 to 1699).
George Gregory, Esq. (1698 to 1700).
John Gilby, Esq. (1698 and 1699).
Sir Scroope Howe (1698 and 1699).
Robert Sacheverell, Esq. (1698 and 1699).
Robert Porter, Esq. (1698 to 1700).
William Gilby, Esq. (1698 to 1700).
Sir Thomas Willoughby, Bart. (1699 and 1700).
Sir Matthew Jenison (1700).
John Rayner, Esq. (1700).
Cecil Cooper, Esq. (1700).
William Savile, Esq. (1700).
Gervase Eyre, Esq., of Shireoaks (1700).
William Piereponte, Esq. (1700).
John Digby, Esq. (1700).

During the Commonwealth period Justices were not described as Justices of the Peace of our lord the King" but as "Justices of the publique peace."

CLERKS OF THE PEACE.

During the seventeenth century the Clerks of the Peace were as follows:

George Lacock, who appears to have held the office from the time the records began, in 1603, until 1640, when he was succeeded by

Robert Butler, who held office till 1642, when the Civil War began.

Timothy Keatlewell, gentleman, appears to have held the office when the Records of the Commonwealth period begin, in 1652, and he was succeeded in 1654 by

Thomas Bristowe, gentleman, who held the office until the end of the Commonwealth period, in 1659. Presumably this was the same Thomas Bristowe that acted as Clerk to the Parliamentary "treators" at the surrender of Newark in the Civil War.

At the time of the Restoration, in 1660, the office of Clerk of the Peace was held by

George Lovell, gentleman. How long he held office is not known, because, as already mentioned, no Records have been preserved for several years after 1661. When the Records were resumed, in 1674, the Clerk of the Peace appears to have been

John Conde, gentleman. He was in office and took the Oaths as Clerk of the Peace when William and Mary ascended the throne, in 1689. Presumably he was the same John Conde who acted as Clerk to the "treators" for Newark at the time of the surrender of the town.

On the 7th October, 1697, the following entry appears on the records:

Ordered that Cecily Conde and ffrancis Conde Exor of John Conde late Clerk of the Peace for the County of Nottm do deliver unto John Lawrence all such books, writings and records as belonge to the sd County."

In 1700 the Clerk of the Peace was Mr. Francis Wyld, but the date of his appointment is not given. Mr. Wyld is several times mentioned in the earlier records as Solicitor for the County.

The County Records were kept by the Clerk of the Peace for the time being.

MONTHLY MEETINGS.

There are frequent references in the Sessions Books to "Monthly Meetings" of Justices. These meetings were probably analagous to the Petty Sessions of to-day.

On 11th January, 1635-1636, there is a reference to a monthly meeting of Justices for the Mansfield division in an Order for a new Assessment at Mansfield.

On 8th January, 1637-1638, a warrant is issued against a man "for his contempt in refusing to come before Justices ad menstrual convenconem anglice a monthly meeting."

On 6th October, 1652, there is a Recognisance to "appear at a monthly meeting of Justices at Southwell on and November next."

There are also references to monthly meetings at Papplewick and at Barnby Moor, and, probably, monthly meetings were also held at the places where the general and adjourned Sessions were held, and where Special Sessions were occasionally held.

Constables, Churchwardens and Overseers of the Poor were required to attend the monthly meetings.

On 17th April, 1615, the Churchwardens and Overseers of Scarrington were presented "for not making the monthly meeting."

There are many similar entries.

On 10th January, 1637-1638, the Constable of Hawton was presented "for not reminding Churchwardens and Overseers of the Poor of the monthly meeting."

It does not clearly appear what were the duties and powers of Justices at their monthly meetings. There was no Summary Jurisdiction then, as there is now. Justices could summon or cause offenders to be brought before them, and bind them over to good behaviour, or to appear at the next Quarter Sessions, but, apparently, they could do no more.

They had, however, certain powers in regard to the execution of the Statute of Labourers, the Statutes concerning Alehouses and Tipplers, the Statutes of the Assize of Bread and Ale, the Statutes concerning Rogues and Vagabonds, and the Statutes for setting of the Poor on Work and to bind their Children Prentices.

Justices at their monthly meetings were also kept informed of Murders, Felonies, and Outrages within their district.

They made Orders in Bastardy which were afterwards confirmed at the next Quarter Sessions.

The monthly meetings were sometimes "Statute Sessions":

On 16th April, 1683, an Order was made "that noe Chief Constable within the County of Nottingham shall from henceforth keepe any private Sessions for hiring of Servants without two Justices of the Peace be present."

TREASURER.

There was no permanent County Treasurer in the seventeenth century.

Two Treasurers were appointed annually to administer the fund raised in the County out of which pensions or gratuities to "Maymed souldiers" were paid. The Treasurers so appointed, by direction of the Quarter Sessions, from time to time, made other payments out of the "County Stocke" in their hands.

One Treasurer was for the "North part of the County," and the other for the "South part of the County," and it is probable that they were chosen from among the Justices.

The Records of persons so appointed is not complete, but the following List is compiled from the entries in the books:

  NORTH OF THE COUNTY.
1603 Humphrey Pyper
1606 Robert Williamson, of East Markham, gent.
1607 Sir Gervase Markham
1608 Hardolphus Wastnes
1609 Robert Poole, of Syerston, gent.
1611 Wm. Beaston
1614 Michael Clarksou, of Kirton, gent.
1615 Richard Stringer, of Lound, gent.
1616 Thos. Bolles, of Osburton, Esq.
1617 Thos. Cornewallys
161S Wm. Moseley
1619 Francis Williamson, of Walkeringham
1620 Charles White, of Sturton, gent.
1621 Sir John Thornhaigh
1622 Robert Pierrepont, Esq.
1623 Sir Hardolph Wastnes, Bart.
1625 Sir Gervase Clifton, Bart.
1627 Richard Bland, of Habblethrop
1628 Gervase Markham, of Dunham. Esq.
1629 Robert Rogers, of Everton, Esq.
1630 Gervase Lassells, of Beckingham, Esq.
1631 Robert Mellish, of Gringley, gent.
1632 Thomas fflower, of Askham, gent.
1633 Robert Eyre, of Rayton, Worksop, gent.
1634 John Booth, of South Wheatley, gent.
1635 Thomas Hughes, of Blyth Spittle, Esq.
1636 John Nevile, of Mattersey, Esq.
16.37 Wm. Jessop, of Skofton, gent.
1640 Richard Stringer, of Sutton super Lound, Esq.
1653 John Moseley, of Carberton, gent.
1654 and 1656 John Rayner, Junior, of East Drayton
1676 Francis Sandys
1686 Henry Halfehead
1690 Jeremiah Halfhead
1691 Francis Stringer, Esq.
1694 William Simpson, Esq.
SOUTH OF THE COUNTY.
1604 John Mullyneux, of Teversall
1614 Matthew Palmer, of Southwell, gent.
1615 Wm. Middleton, of Wansley, in the parish of Selston, Esq.
1616 Richard Mansfield, Senior, of I.eek
1617 Thomas Browne, gent.
1618 Robert Beresford, of Arnold, gent.
1619 Robert Sherbrook, Oxton, gent.
1620 Gervase Armstrong, Skarrington, gent.
1621 George Tate, Sutton Bonington, gent.
1622 John Whalley, Codgrave, gent.
1624 Edward Wymondfold, of Southwell, gent.
1627 John Digby, of Mansfield Woodhouse, Esqre.
1629 Thomas Porter, of Hawkesworth, gent.
1630 Robert Hudd, of Wilford, gent.
1632 John Grundy, of Bleasby, gent.
1633 Richard Porter, of Bingham, gent.
1635 Henry ffarrington, of Wysall, gent.
1636 Robert Sornersall, of Mansfield, gent.
1637 Richard Trueman, Stoke Bardolph, gent.
1638 John Storey, of Kneeton, gent.
1640 George Lane, of Newthorpe, gent.
1654 Lawrence Newton, of Kirkby in Ashfield
1655 Nathaniel ffoster, of Woodborow, gent.
1656 Richard Porter, of Bingham, gent.
1657 Anthony Tate, of Sutton Bonington
1658 Michael Brett, of Annesley Woodhouse
1676 Harvey Staunton
1677 Charles Lawcock or Lacock
1679 Gervase Pigott
1681 Mr. Sturtivant
1687 John Strey, of Beeston, gent.
1693 Mr. ffoster
1694 John Brough

There was an interesting dispute between the two parts of the County in reference to the appointment of Treasurer in the years 1676 to 1678.

On the 2nd October, 1676, at the Nottingham Quarter Sessions, Francis Sandys Esqre Treasurer for the north part of the County was fined 40 marks for refusing to distribute and give reliefe &c. in contempt of this Court," and Mr. Harvey Staunton was chosen to be sole Treasurer for the whole County.

On the 6th October, 1676, at East Retford, it was ordered "that there be two Treasurers for this County as formerly and according to custome, and that ffrancis Sandys Esqre continue Treasurer for Bassetlaw Hundred and Harvy Staunton Esqre be Treasurer for the remaining part of the County."
        The Court at East Retford expressed the opinion that the fine imposed on Mr. Sandys at this present Sessions at Nottingham was illegally made and imposed and ordered "that the order soe made as aforesaid stard and bee voyd annulled and of noe effect."

On the 8th January, 1676-1677, at Nottingham, it was ordered "that ffrancis Sandys Esqre doe pay ye arrears due to ye maimed Soldiers in Newark Hundred."

On the 23rd April, 1677, at Nottingham, it was ordered "that Charles Lawcock gentleman be Treasurer for the whole County."

On the 27th April, 1677, at East Retford, it was ordered by the Court "that Justice Sandys continue Treasurer for ye Wapentake of Bassetlaw."

Here the matter appears to have ended.

On the 10th April, 1678, at Newarke, it was ordered "that ye fine of fforty pounds be levyed upon Charles Lacock Treasurer for neglecting of ye execucon of his office."